This is a guide that will let you easily see all the formations of the game, as well as the datamined data that shows the chances of each enemy attacking your unit (numbers in yellow), bonuses provided by the formation (numbers in blue) and debuffs provided by the formation (numbers in red).
The unit that provides the formation will be listed in white.
All formations will have their names (and the names of which unit gives it) listed in plain text before the appropriate image is posted, so you can easily find the formations by using Ctrl + F.
Formations will be listed in alphabetical order.
Disclaimers
Attack/Defense Bonuses/Downsides: All of those are listed as flat numbers in the datamine. I have no way of knowing if the game treats them as flat values or if it treats them as percentages. I assumed percentages because that’s what makes the most sense to me, but it’s totally possible that the formations actually give flat values for the bonuses. Take it for what it is.
Speed Bonuses/Downsides: The datamine lists those as -3 to +3… However, differently from stuff like Physical Attack and Physical Defense, Speed was a stat that actually existed in the original. And in the original, formation bonuses of speed went through a specific formula that translated -3 to +3 to -75% to +75%. I have no way of knowing for sure if this formula is still the same or not in the remake, but based on my anecdotal experience, the boost provided by something like Imperial Arrow is more than a flat +3 to the speed of the frontline unit, so I feel pretty confident in assuming that the speed formula of the original was kept. It’s still an assumption though, so take it for what it is.
Flying Sword: You may notice that there are question marks near the overdrive bonus of this formation. That’s because I don’t believe that the bonuses I listed are the correct ones… But they are the ones shown in the datamine. I believe those numbers are thrown into a formula that make them more meaningful than they appear… But Overdrive was not a mechanic that existed in the original, and nobody datamined the Overdrive formula of the remake yet, so I have no way of knowing what is the exact bonus at the moment. If someone datamines the Overdrive formula, I’ll edit the image to reflect it, but for now, it stays as is.
A handful of specific percentages: The datamine doesn’t tell you which unit is which when assigning percentages. This usually isn’t a problem, as there are usually enough context clues to make me easily capable of assigning the numbers to the appropriate units, but in a handful of formations I had to do some guesswork… Specifically, in Witch’s Cap, I have no way of knowing which unit is the 40% and which unit is the 30%; In Crescent Tide, I have no way of knowing which unit is the 30% and which is the 25%; In Puppet Army and in Winged Quintet, I have no way of knowing which unit is the 18% and which is the 17%. I still think I have enough context clues to have gotten all of those right (front unit is usually the one with higher percentage, which is why I assigned those numbers for Witch’s Cap and Crescent Tide; and in formations where the numbers in the datamine start in the center, it tends to go Right -> Left -> Right -> Left when referring to the units, which is why I put the numbers in Puppet Army and Winged Quintet in the positions they are in), but I can’t say it with 100% certainty, differently from all the rest… Oh, and Fanged Assault technically qualifies too with the 30% and 25%, but I’m pretty confident that this one was listed right to left in the Datamine, so I seriously doubt I got it wrong.
Trivia: Fanged Assault is the only formation in the game that doesn’t have all 20% as the hit chance of units when the formation is broken (or when a unit is downed? I dunno, the datamine isn’t clear on that… Anyways). The percentages are instead (from right to left): 12%; 25%; 25%; 25%; 13%. I have no idea why this is the case, but I thought it was a funny trivia to share, because no other formation does this.
Anyways, onwards to the important part.
Formations

Charming Drive – Dancer

Cosmic Ring – Diviner

Crescent Tide – Nereid

Desert Fox – Desert Guard

Divine Wall – Crusader

Dragon Stance – Martial Artist

Fanged Assault – Mercenary
Flying Sword – Ninja

Free For All – Leon

Free For All 2 – Vagabond

Goblin Offense – Goblin Scroll

Hunter’s Gambit – Hunter

Imperial Arrow – Imperial Guard

Imperial Attack – Light Infantry

Imperial Cross – Leon

Imperial Force – Last Emperor

Imperial Magic – Court Mage

Imperial Ray – Ranger

Imperial Shield – Heavy Infantry

Iron Forge – Imperial Blacksmith

Lightning Flash – Levante Guard

Mu Rampart – Saigo Clansman

Puppet Army – Coppelia

Rapid Stream – Corsair

Rising Phoenix – Strategist

Seer’s Focus – Diver

Twin Pyramids – Mole

Volcanic Heart – Salamander

Whirlwind – Nomad

Winged Quinted – Iris

Witch’s Cap – Freelance Mage

Thanks to AliceShiki for their excellent guide; all credit belongs to their effort. If this guide helps you, please support and rate it here. Enjoy the game.